Marxist communist ideals did give the framework, though he is not the end-all be-all with socialism. Additionally, Russia would've become an authoritarian state regardless of which form of government was in charge.
Cultural infrastructure is often overlooked. Russia and China were massive nations with great numbers of people, so centralized forms of government were needed to keep it together. Additionally, both had cultural pillars designed to capitulate to that authoritarian figure (the Russian Orthodox Church and the Mandate of Heaven) that, even with the Revolution, that "gap" remained that needed to be filled and hence why Russia and China became how they did. Same could be said how most of the fascist and fascist-like nations were Catholic, that had similar patriarchal standings (Italy, Spain, Portugal...)
For other countries, they would've needed to win over the people and likely build up their support by blaming the governments for the war, so delay the revolution. If things get worse and the governments overstep into authoritarianism, then the socialists get the people on their side, and they pretty much overthrow the governments. Germany would likely become something akin to Yugoslavia regarding business and economic models.
Hungary was due to some of the follies of being involved with conflicts with Romania and the repressive attitudes. Though perhaps if things built-up over time, it could likely be smart enough to handle this.
The success of socialist revolutions would very much make a merry mood for various socialists around the world while governments would be terrified. However, they'd ahve to force soldiers into further conflict, which could have consequences, especially if the USSR still rises, and could actually turn the people against the Entente's governments since they got involved in more conflict. This wouldn't lead to uprisings, but it would make the socialists more formidable to prepare themselves. The new socialist powers would need to establish some form of auturky and how to get around the deals the Entente put on them while growing themselves.
While they take care of themselves, foreign govenments would crack down and try to repress dissent around, leading to further bad feelings. When it hits the fan with the Great Depression, the various socialist governments will likely not be affected as much and indeed, this will become very noticeable and more people will side with them further, leading to further dissent and the cycle accelerates onto socialists are elected, possibly trying to be dealt with, and the people rebel. France has a pretty good liklihood though the questions on their colonial empire would linger over their heads.
Ultimately, it will all depend on the leadership being smart. Of course, other places could rise, such as the fascists in Italy and the similar movements in Spain and Portugal, but conflict I think would be avoided until Italy tries expanding on Greece and Albania and other nations, which the socialist bloc could press for advantage for influence. This could lead to a war between the Fascists and Socialists at its worst though it'd be one the Red could win (it'd be Spain, Portugal, Italy, maybe Poland, and some forces in Greece and Yugoslavia against Red Gemany, Hungary, possibly Czechoslovakia if things go well there and even France as a co-belligerent).
